Winter is upon us, what do I need to feed my Outdoor fish?

Winter is a beautiful time of year, but it can be challenging for koi and other outdoor fish. As temperatures drop, their metabolism slows, and their dietary needs change. Knowing how to adjust their feeding routine is crucial for keeping your fish healthy during the colder months. Here are some essential tips to help you care for your koi and outdoor fish this winter.

Understand Their Metabolism

Koi and most outdoor fish are cold-blooded, meaning their body temperature and activity levels are directly influenced by their environment. When the water temperature falls below 10°C, their metabolism slows significantly. At this point, their digestive systems can no longer process food efficiently, making it important to adapt their feeding regimen.

Monitor Water Temperature

Invest in a reliable pond thermometer to track water temperature accurately. The temperature will guide you in deciding when to stop feeding your fish. As a general rule:

• Above 10°C (50°F): Feed your fish a low-protein, wheat-germ-based food that is easier to digest.

• Below 10°C (50°F): Stop feeding entirely. Your fish will rely on stored energy reserves to get through the winter.

Choose the Right Food

If temperatures are still above 10°C, switch to a high-quality, wheat-germ-based food. This type of food is formulated for easy digestion in cooler water and helps prepare your fish for the dormant season. Avoid high-protein foods, as they can strain their digestive systems in colder conditions.

Adjust Feeding Frequency

As temperatures begin to drop, gradually reduce how often you feed your fish. If you typically feed them twice a day during summer, transition to once a day, then every other day, and finally stop altogether once the water reaches or drops below 10°C.

Keep the Pond Healthy

A clean and well-maintained pond is essential for your fish’s health during winter. Here’s how to prepare:

• Remove Debris: Clear out fallen leaves and other debris to prevent them from decomposing and affecting water quality.

• Check Equipment: Ensure that your pond’s filtration and aeration systems are working properly. Proper oxygen levels are crucial during the winter months.

• Install a Heater: In colder climates, a pond heater can prevent the surface from freezing completely, maintaining a small opening for gas exchange. We recommend either a small floating heater or investing in an all year round Air Source Heat Pump to maintain your pond temperature.

Watch for Signs of Stress

Even though you’re not feeding your fish during the coldest months, you should still monitor them for any signs of stress or illness. Look for abnormal behaviour, such as lethargy or floating erratically. Address any issues promptly to ensure their well-being.

Resume Feeding Gradually

As spring approaches and water temperatures rise above 10°C, you can slowly reintroduce feeding. Start with small amounts of wheat-germ-based food and gradually transition back to their regular diet as their activity levels increase.

By following these winter feeding tips, you can ensure that your koi and outdoor fish remain healthy and ready to thrive when warmer weather returns. A little extra care during the winter months goes a long way in maintaining a happy and vibrant pond ecosystem.